Tataiso e Felletseng ea Litsamaiso tsa Lipolokelo tsa Bobolokelo - Litaba

Racking ea polokelo ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoahali ts'ebetsong ea sejoale-joale ea thepa le polokelo. -Seseteme e entsoeng hantle ea ho boloka thepa e thusa likhoebo ho holisa sebaka se teng, ho ntlafatsa taolo ea thepa hantle, le ho theha tikoloho e sireletsehileng ea ho sebetsa. Ho tloha polokelong ea khale ea pallet ho ea ho litharollo tse tsoetseng pele tsa polokelo, liraka tsa polokelo li sebelisoa haholo ho etsa thepa, litsing tsa kabo, e{3}}kabelo ea khoebo, le litsing tsa indasteri.

Ha libaka tsa polokelo li ntse li tsoela pele ho tobana le liphephetso tse kang ho phahama ha litšenyehelo tsa polokelo, sebaka se fokolang sa fatše, le ho eketsa palo ea odara, ho khetha se nepahetseng.sistimi ea polokelo ea thepae fetohile ntlha ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso. Bafani ba litsebi tse kangMaruo a fana ka tharollo e ikhethileng ea polokelo ea polokelo, ho kopanya moralo oa rack, litsamaiso tse bohlale tsa polokelo, le maano a ho ntlafatsa polokelo ho fihlela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa indasteri.

Ntho	Tlhaloso
Tlhaloso	Warehouse racking ke sistimi e hlophisitsoeng ea polokelo e etselitsoeng ho hlophisa, ho boloka le ho tsamaisa thepa ka nepo ka har'a tikoloho ea polokelo.
Morero o ka Sehloohong	Eketsa sebaka sa polokelo se otlolohileng, ntlafatsa phihlello ea thepa, le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea polokelo.
Lisebelisoa tse Tloaelehileng	-litšepe tse matla, litšepe tse betliloeng, le meaho ea tšepe e ikhethileng.
Lisebelisoa tse Tloaelehileng	Litsi tsa tlhahiso, litsi tsa thepa, libaka tsa polokelo ea thepa, libaka tsa polokelo tse batang, le -libaka tsa khoebo tsa elektronike.
Mefuta e ka Sehloohong	Ho roka li-pallet, ho khetla ka ho khetheha, ho khanna{0}racking, cantilever racking, mobile racking, le mekhoa ea ho boloka lintho ka boiketsetso.
Dikgetho tsa ho itlhophisa	Litekanyo tsa rack, matla a mojaro, moralo oa moralo, kopanyo ea boiketsetso, le tšebelisano ea sistimi ea taolo ea polokelo.

Sistimi ea racking ea polokelo ke meaho e entsoeng ka boenjiniere e lumellang thepa hore e bolokoe e otlolohile ho fapana le ho lula fatše feela. Ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa ea khale ea ho paka fatše, racking ea polokelo ea liindasteri e fana ka tlhophiso e betere, phihlello e bonolo, le taolo e ntlafalitsoeng ea thepa.

Sistimi ea rack ea profeshenale hangata e entsoe ho latela litšobotsi tsa sehlahisoa, boholo ba polokelo, litlhoko tsa polokelo le lits'ebetso tsa ts'ebetso. Lintlha tse kang boholo ba pallet, matla a ho laela, ts'ebetso ea forklift, le merero ea ho atolosa nakong e tlang kaofela li susumetsa tharollo ea ho qetela ea racking.

Libaka tsa sejoale-joale tsa polokelo ha e sa le libaka tsa polokelo feela. E se e le litsi tse kopantseng tsa thepa tse hlokang ho tsamaea ka potlako, taolo e nepahetseng ea thepa, le tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea sebaka. E loketsengsistimi ea polokelo ea thepae bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho finyelleng lipakane tsena.

E 'ngoe ea melemo e meholohali eaho qhoqhoa ha polokeloke bokhoni ba ho sebelisa sebaka se otlolohileng. Mekhoa ea khale ea ho boloka thepa hangata e senya bolelele ba sebaka sa polokelo, ha{1}}lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa marang-rang li lumella lik'hamphani ho boloka lihlahisoa tse ngata ka tsela e tšoanang.

Ka ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa rack le boima ba polokelo, likhoebo li ka eketsa bokhoni ba polokelo ntle le ho holisa sebaka sa moaho. Sena ke sa bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse sebetsang libakeng tseo litšenyehelo tsa sebaka sa polokelo li ntseng li eketseha.

{0}e reriloeng hantlerack ea polokelo ea thepaSistimi e theha libaka tse hlakileng tsa polokelo bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng. Sena se nolofalletsa ho laola thepa le ho fokotsa nako e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho khetha, ho hlahloba le ho tlatsa.

Ka mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho ngola li-rack le tsamaiso ea polokelo ea thepa, basebetsi ba ka fumana lihlahisoa kapele, ba ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha tlhophiso, le ho fokotsa motsamao o sa hlokahaleng ka har'a ntlo ea polokelo.

Sistimi ea profeshenale ea polokelo ea thepa ea indasteri e entsoe ho latela litlhoko tsa mojaro le litekanyetso tsa polokeho. Mehaho e nepahetseng ea rack e thusa ho thibela tšenyo ea sehlahisoa, ho se tsitse ha polokelo, le likotsi tsa mosebetsing.

Liraka tse tšepahalang tsa polokelo hangata li kenyelletsa:

Liforeimi tse matla tsa tšepe bakeng sa tšehetso e tsitsitseng

Mabala a matlafalitsoeng bakeng sa meroalo e boima

Liloko tsa tšireletso le lisebelisoa tse sireletsang

Moralo o nepahetseng oa tsela bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea forklift

Moralo o hlophisitsoeng o netefatsa hore sistimi ea racking e lumellana le tikoloho ea sebele ea ho sebetsa le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso.

Liindasteri tse fapaneng li hloka mekhoa e fapaneng ea polokelo. Ho khetha moralo o nepahetseng oa rack o ipapisitse le mofuta oa thepa, sekhahla sa thekiso, sebopeho sa polokelo le litlhoko tsa othomathike.

Khetho ea pallet racking ke e 'ngoe ea litharollo tse sebelisoang haholo tsa polokelo ea polokelo. E fana ka phihlello e tobileng sebakeng se seng le se seng sa pallet, e etsa hore e tšoanelehe bakeng sa matlo a polokelo a nang le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa le motsamao oa khafetsa oa thepa.

Melemo e kenyelletsa:

Ho fihlella habonolo ha pallet

Sebopeho se feto-fetohang sa polokelo

E loketse ts'ebetso ea forklift

Ho kenya habonolo le katoloso

Mofuta ona oa racking oa polokelo o sebelisoa hangata litsing tsa tlhahiso, litsi tsa thepa le matlong a polokelo ea thepa.

Drive-in racking e etselitsoe polokelo-e phahameng haholo moo ho eketsa bongata e leng eona ntho ea mantlha. Li-forklift li ka kenya mohaho oa rack ka ho toba ho beha le ho fumana li-pallets.

E loketse bakeng sa:

Libaka tsa polokelo tse batang

Lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa polokelo

Lihlahisoa tse nang le li-SKU tse fokolang empa li le ngata

Ha ho bapisoa le li-racking tse khethehileng, -ka har'a litsamaiso li fana ka polokelo e phahameng haholo empa e sa fihlellehe habonolo.

Liraka tsa Cantilever li etselitsoe ho boloka lisebelisuoa tse telele kapa tse sa tloaelehang{0}tse kang:

Lipeipi tsa tšepe

Mapolanka a lehong

Aluminium profiles

Lisebelisoa tsa kaho

Sebopeho se bulehileng{{0}se u lumellang ho kenya le ho laolla ha bonolo lihlahisoa tsa boholo bo feteletseng.

Sistimi ea racking ea mehala e kenya liraka holim'a metheo e tsamaeang, e lumellang li-aisles tsa polokelo hore li bulehe ha ho hlokahala. Moralo ona o ntlafatsa haholo tšebeliso ea sebaka.

Melemo e kenyelletsa:

Boima bo phahameng ba polokelo

E fokotsehile sebaka sa tsela e sa sebelisoeng

Ntlafatso e ntle ea sebaka sa polokelo

Hangata li-racks tsa mobile li sebelisoa li-archives, libaka tsa polokelo tse batang, le lisebelisoa tse nang le libaka tse fokolang tsa polokelo.

Ka nts'etsopele ea mahlale a bohlale a thepa, litsamaiso tse iketselitsoeng tsa racking li se li atile haholo.

Litsamaiso tsena li kopanya:

Sistimi ea ho boloka le ho khutlisa ka boiketsetso (ASRS)

Software ea tsamaiso ea polokelo

Lisebelisoa tse bohlale tsa ho tšoara

Taolo{{0}e ipapisitseng le litaba tsa data

Litharollo tse ikemetseng tsa racking li thusa lik'hamphani ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha polokelo, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa basebetsi, le ho fumana ts'ebetso e ntle ea polokelo ea thepa.

{{0}seseteme ea maemo a holimo ea ho rokella thepa ha se sebaka sa polokelo feela empa hape ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea moralo oa tšebetso ea polokelo.

Liraka tsa polokelo li lumella thepa hore e bolokoe e otlolohile, e eketsa bokhoni ba polokelo ha e ntse e fokotsa tlhoko ea katoloso e eketsehileng ea polokelo.

Mehaho e ntlafalitsoeng ea li-rack e khutsufatsa litsela tsa ho khetha le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea forklift, e thusa libaka tsa polokelo ho sebetsana le liodara tse ngata ka nako e khuts'oane.

Libaka tse hlophisitsoeng tsa polokelo li etsa hore ho lateloa ha thepa ho be bonolo le ho fokotsa liphoso tse bakoang ke lihlahisoa tse behiloeng sebakeng se fosahetseng.

Sistimi ea sejoale-joale ea racking e ka kopanngoa le lisebelisoa tse ikemetseng, liroboto, le software ea taolo ea polokelo ho theha tikoloho ea thepa e bohlale.

Ho khetha tokelosistimi ea polokelo ea thepae hloka ho fetang feela ho khetha sebopeho sa polokelo. Tharollo e loketseng ea racking e lokela ho tsamaisana le ts'ebetso ea polokelo, litšobotsi tsa sehlahisoa, litlhoko tsa polokeho, le merero ea nts'etsopele ea khoebo ea nako e tlang.

Pele u tsetela tsamaisong ea racking ea liindasteri, lik'hamphani li lokela ho nahana ka lintlha tse latelang tsa bohlokoa:

Lihlahisoa tse fapaneng li hloka litharollo tse fapaneng tsa polokelo. Boholo, boima ba 'mele, mokhoa oa ho paka, le makhetlo a theko ea thepa a susumetsa ka kotloloho moralo oa liraka tsa polokelo.

Ka mohlala:

Liphalete tse boima li hloka{0}}mekhoa e phahameng ea ho roka liphalete.

Lisebelisoa tse telele li hloka tharollo ea cantilever racking.

{{0}lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo holimo tse nang le li-SKU tse fokolang li ka rua molemo ka ho khanna{1}ka rack.

Likaroloana tse nyane li ka hloka liraka tsa polokelo ea bin kapa litsamaiso tsa polokelo tse ikemetseng.

Ho utloisisa litšobotsi tsa sehlahisoa ho thusa ho theha sistimi ea polokelo ea polokelo e ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ha e ntse e fokotsa matsete a sa hlokahaleng.

Sebaka se seng le se seng sa polokelo se na le maemo a ikhethang a sebopeho, ho kenyelletsa:

Bophahamo ba moaho

Motheo oa ho kenya matla

Maemo a kholomo

Libaka tsa mamati

Libaka tsa ts'ebetso

Litsela tsa forklift

Barekisi ba hloahloa ba polokelo ea thepa ba sekaseka lintlha tsena pele ba rala sistimi. Sebopeho se ikhethileng se ka eketsa boima ba polokelo ha se ntse se boloka sebaka se sireletsehileng sa ts'ebetso.

Tšireletseho ke ntho ea bohlokoa ho nahanoa ha u khetha racking ea polokelo ea indasteri.

Sistimi e tšepahalang ea rack e lokela ho etsoa ho latela:

Boholo ba boima ba pallet

Palo ea maemo a polokelo

Litlhoko tsa rack span

Khafetsa ea ts'ebetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi

Maemo a tikoloho

{{0}lisebelisuoa tsa boleng bo holimo tsa tšepe, mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho etsa thepa, le ho kenngoa ha profeshenale li tiisa hore{1}lisebelisoa tsa nako e telele le tse bolokehileng li sebetsa.

Tharollo ea polokelo ea polokelo ea thepa e lokela ho tšehetsa kholo ea khoebo ea nakong e tlang. Hangata lik'hamphani li hloka matla a eketsehileng a polokelo ha palo ea thepa e ntse e eketseha.

Sistimi ea modular racking racking e lumella:

Katoloso e bonolo

Maemo a beam a feto-fetohang

Liphetoho tsa sebopeho

Ho kopanya le theknoloji e ncha ea polokelo

Ho khetha tharollo e ka fokotsoang ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa nakong e tlang tsa nchafatso 'me ho ntlafatsa phaello ea nako e telele-matseteng.

Maruo a ikhethela ho fana ka mokhoa o ikhethilengSistimi ea ho roka thepa ea polokelo le litharollo tse bohlale tsa polokelobakeng sa bareki ba indasteri ea lefats'e. Ka boiphihlelo bo batsi mabapi le moralo oa polokelo ea thepa, tlhahiso ea liraka, le ntlafatso ea thepa, Riches e thusa likhoebo ho aha libaka tsa polokelo tse sebetsang hantle, tse tšepahalang le tse kotsi.

Ho fapana le barekisi ba tloaelehileng ba li-rack ba fanang ka lisebelisoa tsa polokelo ea motho ka mong feela, Lichelete li shebane le litharollo tse felletseng tsa polokelo, ho kenyelletsa moralo oa polokelo, moralo oa sistimi, kopanyo ea lisebelisoa, le ts'ebetsong ea morero.

Sebaka se seng le se seng sa polokelo se na le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso. Lichelete li fana ka litharollo tse hlophisitsoeng tsa polokelo ea thepa tse thehiloeng ho:

Litekanyo tsa polokelo

Litšobotsi tsa polokelo ea lihlahisoa

Litlhoko tsa ho kenya

Mekhoa ea ho sebetsana le thepa

Litlhokahalo tsa boiketsetso

Ho tloha lits'ebetsong tsa khale tsa ho roka li-pallet ho isa ho litharollo tse bohlale tsa polokelo ea thepa, Riches e nts'etsapele lits'ebetso tsa polokelo tse lekanang kopo ea 'nete ea moreki.

Ka tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea lisebelisoa tse bohlale, libaka tsa polokelo tsa sejoale-joale li hloka ho feta liraka tsa 'mele. Maruo a kopanya racking ea polokelo le mahlale a bohlale ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea polokelo.

Litharollo li ka kenyelletsa:

Mokhoa oa ho Boloka le ho Khutlisa ka Motlakase (ASRS)

Sistimi ea polokelo ea li-shuttle

Ho kopanya tsamaiso ea polokelo ea polokelo

Litharollo tsa ho sebetsana le lisebelisoa tse ikemetseng

Thero ea ho ntlafatsa sebaka

Litharollo tsena li thusa lik'hamphani ho fumana polokelo e phahameng ea polokelo, ho tsamaisa sehlahisoa ka potlako, le ho nepahala ha ts'ebetso.

Liraka tsa polokelo li tlameha ho mamella-tšebeliso ea nako e telele indastering. Maruo a shebana le boleng ba tlhahiso ka ho laola mohato o mong le o mong oa tlhahiso, ho kenyelletsa:

Khetho ea lintho tse bonahalang

Moralo oa sebopeho

Tlhahiso e nepahetseng

Phekolo ea bokaholimo

Tlhahlobo ea boleng

Tsamaiso e tiileng ea boleng e netefatsa hore sistimi e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea polokelo ea thepa e fana ka ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng le bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso libakeng tse hlokang.

Riches e fana ka ts'ehetso ea litsebi nakong eohle ea morero oa polokelo ea thepa:

Tlhahlobo ea polokelo

Moralo oa polokelo

Moralo oa sistimi ea rack

Tlhahiso

Tataiso ea ho kenya

Ka mor'a{{0}litšebeletso tsa thekiso

Mokhoa ona oa ts'ebeletso o felletseng o thusa bareki ho fokotsa ho rarahana ha projeke le ho fihlela ntlafatso e sebetsang ea polokelo ea thepa.

Racking ea polokelo ea thepa e sebelisoa haholo liindastering tse fapaneng moo polokelo e nepahetseng le taolo ea thepa e leng bohlokoa.

Baetsi ba sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa racking tsa indasteri ho boloka thepa e tala, likaroloana, lihlahisoa tse felileng le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso.

Litharollo tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:

Mosebetsi o boima oa pallet racking

Liraka tsa polokelo ea lintho tse bonahalang

Mekhoa ea ho boloka e ikemetseng

Litsamaiso tsena li thusa ho boloka tšebetso e hlophisitsoeng ea tlhahiso le ho fokotsa nako ea ho sebetsana le thepa.

Litsi tsa kabo li hloka motsamao o potlakileng oa sehlahisoa le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea polokelo. Litsamaiso tsa ho roka litoro tsa polokelo li tšehetsa-taolo e kholo ea thepa le ho phethahatsa liodara.

Litharollo tse tsebahalang li kenyelletsa:

Li-racks tse khethiloeng tsa pallet

Liraka tsa polokelo- tse teteaneng haholo

Litsamaiso tse iketselitsoeng tsa polokelo ea thepa

Ka thekiso e ntseng e eketseha ea marang-rang, -libaka tsa polokelo tsa khoebo li hloka litharollo tse feto-fetohang le tse sebetsang hantle tsa polokelo.

Li-racks tsa polokelo li thusa ho ntlafatsa:

Ho khetha bokhoni

Ponahalo ea thepa

Lebelo la ho lokisa odara

-likarolo tse nyane tsa polokelo ea thepa, lisebelisoa tsa mezzanine, le litharollo tsa mosebelisi hangata li sebelisoa-mekhoeng ea khoebo.

Liindasteri tsa Cold chain li hloka litsamaiso tsa polokelo tse ka sebetsang libakeng tse boima.

Litharollo tsa racking bakeng sa polokelo e batang li lebisa tlhokomelo ho:

Tšebeliso-e phahameng haholo

Khanyetso ea kutu

Ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea sebopeho

Drive-ka li-racks le li-mobile racking system hangata li khethoa molemong oa polokelo e batang.

Indasteri ea polokelo ea thepa e ntse e tsoela pele ho ea ho othomathike e phahameng, taolo e bohlale, le ts'ebeliso e ntle ea sebaka. Sistimi ea nakong e tlang ea polokelo ea thepa e tla tsoela pele ho fetoha ka mahlale a tsoetseng pele.

Lik'hamphani tse ling li kopanya liraka tsa polokelo le litsamaiso tsa taolo ea dijithale ho fumana{0}}tlhahlobo ea thepa ka nako le ts'ebetso e ikemetseng.

Litharollo tse bohlale tsa polokelo li ka ntlafala:

Ho nepahala ha thepa

Bokhoni ba polokelo

Ts'ebetso e pepeneneng

Theknoloji ea ASRS e fetoha mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa thepa ea sejoale-joale. Lits'ebetso tse ikemetseng tsa polokelo ea thepa tse kopantsoeng le liroboto le software li lumella libaka tsa polokelo ho sebetsa ka lebelo le holimo le ka nepo.

Ha litšenyehelo tsa polokelo li ntse li eketseha, likhoebo li batla litharollo tse ka eketsang sebaka se seng le se seng sa lisekoere-mithara tse fumanehang.

Meetso ea rack ea polokelo ea polokelo ea nakong e tlang e tla tsepamisa maikutlo ho:

Mehaho e telele ea liraka

Mehaho ea polokelo e kopaneng

Tšebeliso e ntle ea sebaka

Thero e bohlale

Mabaka a polokelo a -a sebetsang hantle le meralo e hlokomelang tikoloho e ntse e ba bohlokoa haholo.

Litharollo tsa sejoale-joale tsa racking racking li ntse li ntlafatsoa ka:

Bophelo bo bolelele ba tšebeletso

Lisebelisoa tse ka sebelisoang hape

Mehato e ntlafalitsoeng ea polokelo ea thepa

Racking ea polokelo e etselitsoe ho hlophisa thepa e bolokiloeng, ho eketsa tšebeliso ea sebaka se emeng, ho ntlafatsa taolo ea thepa, le ho theha ts'ebetso e sireletsehileng ea polokelo. Sistimi e loketseng ea rack e thusa likhoebo ho eketsa bokhoni ba polokelo ntle le ho holisa meaho ea polokelo.

Sistimi e nepahetseng ea polokelo ea thepa e ipapisitse le lintlha tse kang mofuta oa sehlahisoa, boholo ba pallet, bophahamo ba polokelo, sebopeho sa polokelo, litlhoko tsa ho lata, le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso. Hangata barekisi ba litsebi ba fana ka meralo e ikhethileng e ipapisitseng le maemo a sebele a polokelo.

Ee. Sistimi ea racking ea polokelo ea thepa e ka hlophisoa ho latela boholo ba ntlo ea polokelo, litlhoko tsa polokelo, boima ba mojaro, le litlhoko tsa boiketsetso. Meralo e ikhethileng e thusa likhoebo ho fumana ts'ebeliso e ntle ea sebaka le ts'ebetso e sebetsang hantle.

Li-racks tsa setso li hloka lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsana le matsoho joalo ka forklifts, ha litsamaiso tse ikemetseng tsa polokelo ea polokelo li kopanya liroboto, software le lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsana le othomathike. Litharollo tsa othomathike li fana ka ts'ebetso e phahameng, ho nepahala, le boima ba polokelo.

Bophelo ba ts'ebeletso ea mochini oa polokelo ea thepa bo ipapisitse le boleng ba thepa, maemo a mojaro, tikoloho ea ts'ebeliso le tlhokomelo. -liraka tsa tšepe tsa boleng bo holimo tse entsoeng le ho etsoa ho latela maemo a indasteri li ka fana ka ts'ebetso e tšepahalang ea nako e telele{{2}.

Setsebi sa racking racking se ka fana ka moralo o nepahetseng oa polokelo, meralo e ikhethileng, boleng bo tšepahalang ba tlhahiso, le ts'ehetso e felletseng ea projeke. Ho sebetsa le mofani oa thepa ea nang le phihlelo ho thusa ho fokotsa likotsi tsa ho kenya le ho netefatsa hore tsamaiso ea polokelo e finyella litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso.

Racking ea polokelo ke karolo ea mantlha ea tsamaiso ea sejoale-joale ea thepa le polokelo. Ho tloha ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea sebaka ho ea ho ts'ehetso ea ts'ebetso ea othomathike ea polokelo, tokelosistimi ea polokelo ea thepae thusa lik'hamphani ho haha libaka tsa polokelo tse sebetsang hantle, tse tenyetsehang, le tse kotsi.

Joaloka mofani ea nang le boiphihlelo oa litharollo tsa polokelo ea polokelo ea thepa, Riches e fana ka lits'ebetso tsa borutehi tsa polokelo tse etselitsoeng litlhoko tsa bareki, ho thusa likhoebo ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea polokelo le ho itokisetsa liphephetso tsa nakong e tlang.